In fiscal year 2024, NASA received approximately $24.875 billion in federal funding, slightly lower than the previous year's $25.384 billion. These figures show that government investment in space exploration remains strong, even with minor fluctuations. This consistent support opens more opportunities in astronomy-related fields, both in the public and private sectors.
The continued involvement of companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin, alongside increased interest in space science, suggests a healthy job market for astronomy graduates. If you have a degree in astronomy, astrophysics, or space science, now is a great time to explore careers in the field.
Technical Writer
As of May 2023, technical writers in the United States earned a median annual wage of $80,050, based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS.gov). Those specializing in scientific and technical subjects, such as astronomy, tend to earn more, especially in research institutions or aerospace companies.
This role is ideal for astronomy graduates who enjoy writing and translating complex ideas into accessible content. Astronomy-focused technical writers often work on grant proposals, user manuals for scientific instruments, peer-reviewed papers, and internal documentation for research teams.
Because this role requires both accuracy and efficiency, mastering productivity techniques specific to writing can make a big difference. Learning structured writing habits can help streamline your process and ensure consistency, especially when handling large volumes of technical content under tight deadlines.
Educational Requirements: Bachelor’s Degree in Astronomy or any related field with emphasis on Astronomy, technical writing experience
Professor
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, postsecondary teachers earned a median annual wage of $84,380 as of May 2023. Salaries for astronomy professors can be even higher, especially at research universities or institutions with active grant funding and observatories.
If you are passionate about teaching and research, this career path can be both fulfilling and impactful. With a degree in astronomy, particularly at the graduate level, you can teach subjects such as cosmology, planetary science, observational astronomy, and physics. Professors also design research projects, publish studies, apply for funding, and often serve in leadership roles within their departments.
To succeed in this role, it helps to develop strong research management and academic communication skills. Learning how to organize your time between lectures, research, and publication deadlines is essential for long-term success in academia.
Educational Requirements: Bachelor's Degree in Science (minimum), Doctorate Degree typically required
Curator
As of 2024, museum curators in scientific fields earned an average annual salary of $84,990, according to the BLS. Salaries for specialized roles, such as astronomy curators or planetary directors, can be significantly higher depending on the institution and level of expertise.
Curators in this field are often referred to as planetary directors and typically oversee planetariums or museums with astronomy-focused exhibits. They manage public education programs, lead exhibitions, maintain relationships with the scientific community, and ensure proper care and presentation of artifacts. Many are seasoned astronomers or astrophysicists who combine scientific knowledge with strong leadership and communication skills.
In this role, curators need not only scientific credibility but also a solid grasp of project coordination and public engagement. Building skills in museum programming, exhibit planning, and team leadership can strengthen your effectiveness and open up more opportunities in science communication and education.
Educational Requirements: Bachelor's Degree in Astronomy or Physics; most curators hold a Master’s or Doctoral degree
Meteorologist and Climatologist
According to BLS, meteorologists and climatologists earn an average salary of $95,380 per year.Â
Meteorologists study the Earth’s atmosphere to predict weather conditions using mathematical and physical knowledge. They relay their findings to government agencies and other organizations such as broadcast companies.
Climatologists, on the other hand, focus on the long-term weather patterns in certain areas. They identify problems and try to come up with solutions regarding factors that have an impact on weather. These long-term studies are usually within a 30-year period. Climatologists can either work as weather forecasters or inventors of climatology-related tools.
Educational Requirements: Bachelor’s Degree in Meteorology or Climatology
Research Scientist
Astronomers who have an innate love for research and science fit well in this profession. According to Indeed, a research scientist in the US makes an average of $111,540 in a year. They are employed by agencies in laboratories to conduct important breakthroughs, which they present in scientific gatherings. They also submit their work for peer review and industry publication.
Educational Requirements: Master’s Degree in Science, Doctorate units
Aerospace Engineer
Aerospace engineers are the ones behind every space ship, spacecraft, and satellite. These engineers are responsible for building the structure and how these space vehicles function. On top of the spacecraft, they also develop space missions, so they need to have expert knowledge about space exploration.Â
Their advanced level of expertise lets them know how the spacecraft react to the gravitational pull of the Earth as well as how they can expect it to function in outer space. Aerospace engineers earn a median annual salary of $116,500, according to BLS.
Educational Requirements: Engineering or science-related bachelor’s degree with advanced math, science, and computer courses
Astronomer and Astrophysicist
Astronomers and astrophysicists use advanced knowledge in physics, mathematics, and computer science to study celestial objects and the structure of the universe. They develop and test theories, analyze observational data, and contribute to the broader scientific understanding of space and time. In addition to research, they are often involved in writing grant proposals, delivering scientific presentations, and publishing their findings in peer-reviewed journals.
Astronomers typically specialize in one area of study. These include:
- Radio Astronomy – focuses on detecting and analyzing radio waves emitted by celestial bodies
- Solar Astronomy – studies the sun and its influence on the solar system
- Stellar Astronomy – examines stars outside our solar system
- Planetary Astronomy – explores planets both within and beyond our solar system
- Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy – investigates phenomena in and beyond our galaxy
- Cosmology – studies the origin, structure, and evolution of the universe using theoretical models and existing data
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, astronomers and physicists earned a median annual wage of $128,330 as of May 2023. Those in research roles at universities or government agencies can earn even more, particularly with long-term project funding.
To thrive in this field, it's important to have not only subject-matter expertise but also strong data analysis and scientific writing skills. Enhancing your ability to interpret large datasets and communicate technical findings clearly can give you a professional edge in both academic and applied research settings.
Educational Requirements: Master’s or Doctoral Degree in Astronomy or related physical sciences
Patent Attorney
Although a patent attorney's primary occupation in the field of Astronomy is mainly legal, they are still essential to the astronomy community. As a result, they are very well-compensated, earning a median salary of $155,436 per year, according to Indeed. Patent attorneys represent and assist clients through the patent process for their inventions. This ensures that the inventors have sole rights to their inventions and have the ability to file for oppositions if needed. Patent attorneys regularly communicate with other lawyers, inventors, and scientists regarding patent issues.Â
To help you understand basic legal concepts better, take a look at Introduction to Legal Concepts from Skill Success.
Strengthening soft skills like scientific writing, critical thinking, data analysis, and project management can help you stand out in this competitive field. Start building these skills today to prepare for long-term success in research, education, and beyond. Click here to get started.
[Updated 7/5/2025. Original Author: Vanessa R.]
